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Symbolism In The Old Man And The free essay sample

Sea Essay, Research Paper In Ernest Hemingway s masterpiece, The Old Man and the Sea, he uses much symbolism to help the readers apprehension of the massage he is seeking to portray. The Old Man and the Sea International Relations and Security Network T merely a book about an old adult male and the sea. There are many concealed significances to it. Each element represents different things. The marlin, for illustration, represents strength, beauty and the last challenge we all go though. The king of beastss in his dreams resemble young person, freedom, and besides strength. Santiago, the old adult male, symbolizes Christ in many ways and other people and things symbolize different things like the immature male child, Manolin. Manolin, the immature male child, that followed Santiago was non angling with the old adult male because his parents forced him to, really he was told to remain off organize the old adult male because he was bad fortune, but because he wanted excessively. He liked to be around the old adult male and listen to what he had to state. When the old adult male would look at Manolin he would see himself at a younger age, person who cared more about the aged and their heritage than the new ways bestowed on them. Manolin symbolized the adherents of Jesus. The 1s who would follow him to his decease and so travel out and prophesy his ways. He believes in the old adult male and takes charge and tells all the other fisherman to remain off from Santiago after his return. He would take attention of the old adult male when he said to him Keep warm old adult male. Remember we are in September. Manolin merely wanted good things for Santiago, he did non desire anyone to ache him or set him down for his achievements. He wants to larn from the old adult male and to listen to what he had to state approximately him as a immature adult male or of Joe DiMaggio. Joe DiMaggio represents many things to the old adult male. Santiago sees DiMaggio as an equal. One whose male parent was a hapless fisherman merely like he is. When he was out fishing he thought to himself, would the great DiMaggio of all time remain this long as he did and rapidly replied to himself that DiMaggio is immature and strong and that his male parent was a fisherman so of class he would remain. This made him experience better because now he could compare himself to his hero. Santiago thought that DiMaggio would understand him because of their background being the same. He wanted person like the male child that would listen to him but understood him more and he believes DiMaggio could be that individual. Joe DiMaggio besides represents hope that the old adult male has for Manolin. He wishes that the male child will turn up and be like the great DiMaggio so that he will non be a hapless fisher like he is. All of the other fisherman in the narrative are the people that want the newest equipment and privation to make off with the old ways of life. They were deliberately seting down the old adult male and his achievements particularly when one of the fishers said to Manolin What a fish it was. There has neer been such a fish. Those were two all right fish you took yesterday excessively. Which Manolin did non like because he knew that it was the old adult male s twenty-four hours to reflect and non his. In ways the fisherman were like the people that had to take between puting Jesus free or a slaying free and they chose the slaying because they did non understand him and his ways which frightened the crowd. The fishers represent anyone who would instead believe about themselves instead than others. In ways the fishers are like the sharks desiring to take things off from Santiago while Santiago is much like the marlin The marlin represented many different things. For illustration, he symbolized strength and lastingness by seting up such a battle. By making this he besides made Santiago a fable among the other fishermen. This battle would be Santiago s last challenge. However, since Santiago would stop up flim-flaming the marlin, the marlin seemed more baronial in Santiago s head. Santiago thought that since the marlin was contending for his life he had a more baronial cau Se. Santiago idea of him as his equal, and called him brother. The marlin could besides stand for the great battle we all go through. We so must be careful of traveling out excessively far comparable to Santiago. Accomplishing or obtaining something does non ever stop one s journey. Once Santiago hooked the fish he still had to convey it place. Bringing place the marlin brought farther complications from the sharks. The sharks could stand for those who would rupture apart anyone s successes. These nauseating, scavengers delight in tormenting and conveying approximately licking or calamity, similar to how some people react to other s successes. Like the marlin and the sharks, the king of beastss besides symbolized different properties. The king of beastss in Santiago s dreams represented his lost young person and his decreasing strength. For case, when he needed strength on his long and strenuous ocean trip he thought of his dreams of the king of beastss, and of them playing on the beach without a attention in the universe. With this in his head it seemed to do him stronger and gave him the endurance to go on. The king of beastss could besides typify pride. Like the king of beastss Santiago had pride. He was proud of his fishing accomplishments. He was able to maintain his lines directly and at changing degrees to better his gimmick of fish. He was better at this than the younger, richer, coevals. Santiago knew nevertheless, that excessively much pride was non good. It could take to feelings of haughtiness and a know it all attitude. He was low at the same time with being proud. For case he knew that he depended upon other people for nutrient and other nutriment. Once the conditions was traveling to turn cold Manol in was be aftering to convey Santiago places, apparels and a cover. The writer chose to non merely utilize the assorted animate beings as symbols, but seemed to compare Santiago to Christ. Santiago had spasms in his custodies from keeping the fishing line all dark while he and the boat were being pulled by the strong fish. Hemingway wrote that the sounds Santiago made while holding the spasms were the same as the reaction person would hold while holding a nail passed through their manus and into wood. This was the same experience Christ had while being crucified. Hemingway included this mention purposefully so the reader would be able to compare and understand the similarity. After his ocean trip was completed Santiago was exhausted and weak. While conveying in the mast from his boat he stumbled three times under the weight resting upon his shoulders. This resembled Christ s walk transporting his heavy cross to the hill where he was crucified. Besides when Santiago was back in his hovel he fell asleep on his bed with his weaponries outstretched resem bling Jesus on the cross. At this point Manolin awoke Santiago and Santiago realized he had completed his last challenge and that his clip as a fisherman was up. He passed on the blade from the great fish to Manolin for continuance of the accomplishments he had taught his learner. Manolin was comparable to a adherent left in charge of go oning the work the Master had started. The importance of Hemingway s narrative was more than merely narratives of animate beings and characters. However, Christ did his most effectual instructions utilizing narratives so the common common people would understand and acquire the constructs of his messages. Hemingway s book was non merely another fish narrative. Its significance was hidden among the characters and events for the reader to detect and construe. Hemingway proclaimed nevertheless that this was non true. He stated that it was merely a simple book with small intending about a adult male, his boat, and a fish. However, the reader can reason that one should non travel excessively far without thought of the effects beforehand. If one does non believe things through wholly, the consequences can sometimes be worse than what was originally planned. A beautiful award at the terminal of a battle does non ever stop up being worthwhile, or worth what one expected.

Updike, Beatti, Rothke And Plath Essays - John Updike, Sylvia Plath

Updike, Beatti, Rothke And Plath 20th Century Attitude 20th century writers dealt with many issues and themes throughout their writing. The authors that I have chosen to look at are Updike, Beatti, Rothke and Plath. These authors and their works will each be evaluated by how they deal with the subjects love, death, loss and passing of time. The short story Separating by John Updike deals with the subject of love and I also believe it deals with the themes quest for identity and alienation and nausea . The story talks about how two parents are going through the process of telling their children that they are going to separate. This is important to them because they do love their children very much; they want to make the timing perfect so it is easier on the children. The father and mother seemed as though they needed to find out who they really were without their children. They did all things for the kids. They said that they loved one another but yet they didnt make each other happy. I think that they just werent sure what made them happy. Weekend a short story by Ann Beattie deals with the subject of loss of time and the same theme that Updikes story dealt with quest for identity .I chose the subject of time because at first they loved one another and had a good relationship and then time passed and they ended up in such a weird place in their relationship. George had control over Lenore in the way that she never knows that she can leave him and be okay. She stays with him because she does care for him but also because she has a place to put her children and herself to sleep. Wish for a Young Wife a poem by Theodore Rothke is one that goes into the subject of loss or the idea of loss. This is a man who is telling his wife that he hopes that even while he grows old he wishes that she were beautiful and young for eternity. H e wishes her to never endure grief or hate; these are the very things that make one old. He could be very much in love with his wife and by wishing this for her, so she never looses her beauty. Or, he could be wishing these things for his benefit so he never looses his beautiful young wife. Sylvia Plaths poem Lady Lazarus deals mainly with the subject of death. Im not sure completely but this could be humor in the horror , I know it is not a nightmare world but, pick the worms off of me like sticky pearls is some sort of gross humor. She discusses her 3 suicide attempts, comparing herself to a cat with 9 lives. She also includes a comparison of herself to a concentration camp victim. She states dying is an art I do it exceptionally well. Doctors are her enemy and she warns them to beware. Overall in most literature you can see a little of death, love, loss and a loss of time. These subject matters are used so frequently because those things are life. They are the things people feel strongly about. People relate and understand these topics. English Essays

Clockwork orange movie evaluation Essays

Clockwork orange movie evaluation Essays Clockwork orange movie evaluation Paper Clockwork orange movie evaluation Paper A Clockwork Orange is a psychological thriller that examines and analyzes the effects of a corrupt individual and societys attempts to reintegrate him. The director Stanley Kubrick depicts a deeply chilling and disturbing story of a young man by the name of Alex and is considered a menace to society who is eventually punished for his wrong doings and given the chance of a lifetime to reinvent himself. The new an innovative way to reintegrate disturbed individuals into society is through a type of conditioning that causes a nauseating reaction to violent acts for the patient. It is difficult to determine the time period of the film since Kubrick uses scenery that makes it appear as though it could take place today, tomorrow, yesterday, or even fifty years in the future making it applicable to all times. In addition, Kubrick is very cautious to use problems in society that have been evident and irksome since the beginning of man such as rape, muggings, murder, etc. With this stunning combination of societys everyday problems, A Clockwork Orange is the type of movie that appeals to all time periods and will always be applicable to the troubles that are present in todays society. The psychological aspect of the movie is the way in which society wishes that it could deal with them through a simple program that allows the individual to be reborn in a sense and make it physically impossible for them to return to their old devious ways. The conditioned versus an unconditioned response technique is a major factor in Alexs transformation toward becoming an acceptable human being in society. During the first half of the movie before Alex undergoes treatment, he is shown with his fellow droogs or his small four member gang that creates havoc throughout England with their acts of ultra-violence where they commit heinous acts of violence and on random victims. Alex and his droogs are shown in the first scene of the movie at their favorite local hang out joint called the Korova Milkbar where they indulge themselves in drugged milk beverages. The movie never directly states what is in the milk, yet after drinking it, the droogs all seem very excited and almost imagining their environment. This leads one to believe that there was some type of an amphetamine or hallucinogen because the amphetamine would cause an increase in energy and alertness while the hallucinogens caused a sensory distortion (Kalat 94). The amphetamine is considered a stimulant which causes an increase in the activities levels and pleasure which explains the groogs eagerness to go out and expend seemingly endless amounts of energy without so much as breaking a sweat (Kalat 95). This particular milkbar is very unusual in that, the entire room is filled with sexual images of women in compromising positions that are dispersed throughout the room and available to give the laced milk from their nipples. Alex and his groogs hit the streets to begin their night of ultra-violence and it begins with the senseless beating of a drunken homeless man under a bridge. From there, the group heads out even more anxious than before and go to a home of a crippled man and his wife. Upon tricking the wife to allow them in saying they had an awful car accident, and upon entering the four boys begin to rape the woman in front of her husband while he was senselessly beaten. The only major difference between the two encounters is that the boys were a wiser and wore masks during their attack. The psychological aspect during this part of the movie is more to realize the mental capacity of the attackers. The groogs and especially Alex are not phased by the ruthless violence and desperate cries for help from their victims. Most psychologists would conclude from these observations that Alexs problems are not that he enjoys violence, but rather he had a troubled childhood along with his uninvolved parents that shaped him into the monster that he had become. It has been agreed that the majority of social development in humans is established in the earlier stages of childhood and adolescence. One aspect of the movie that infers that Alex has a unique and troubled home life is almost any scene that involves his parents. Alexs parents are very distant and unconcerned with his activities and lack of attendance at school. They are the typical example of uninvolved parents who are very uninterested in their childs activities, do not spend time with them, and may spend very little time with them (Kalat 194). This type of parenting can lead to children who are generally impulsive and undisciplined. Agreeing with this observation is that Alex may have been raised in a broken home and that his mother in the movie is not in fact his biological mother. It is believed that children in broken homes may have more difficulties in the real world have a greater difficulty with their academics, social, and emotions (Kalat 194). This could lead Alex to grow up according to the belief that his attachment was never fully developed to one parent and that he developed later in life the inability to have close relations with others. This includes his friends or groogs who he seems to simply bully around and never confide any secrets or let on that he has confidence in them. Furthermore, Alex has a constant problem with a sexual addiction where he has one night stands and orgies with random girls, yet fails to develop a substantial relationship. This lack of closeness also may have contributed to Alexs inability to identify exactly where he fit in with society and his small identity crisis that he experiences. He seems to be having trouble with his concern with decisions about the future and the quest for self-understanding because he is rather nonchalant about looking toward the future and simply lives off the constant high of his ultra-violence (Kalat 186). Alex is eventually caught for his mischievous acts and given the opportunity to undergo an experimental program to supposedly cure all his illness. The government at this time is offering a new and innovative way to cure disturbed individuals through an extreme version of conditioning. Pavlov first discovered that certain stimulants triggered natural responses in both humans and animals which he called the unconditioned response since it needed no training or reinforcement to encourage it (Kalat 207). By placing another stimulant in addition to the natural response, the animal then reacted to both the stimulant and the natural response in the same way. Alexs government used his unconditioned response of enjoying violence and attempted to correct it by injecting him with a nauseating inducing drug before being shown violent acts. In turn while watching the violent acts Alex began to learn the conditioned response that while he watched violent nature he would feel a wave of immense sickness overwhelm him. While the effects of the drug were the most prevalent Alex was shown films of graphic nature that included rape, murders, and all of the old activities of Alexs past that he used to take pleasure in. All the while, Alex listened to the music of Ludwig von Beethoven during the films in the background. Strangely enough to Alex, he begins to feel an overwhelming feeling that he simply wants to die a calm and painless death despite the fact that Beethoven had once been his favorite composer and that violence once gave him a euphoric feeling. The combination of music the nauseating feeling became the conditioned stimulus which means that they were the new stimulus that induced the conditioned response for Alex to not partake in violence. After many sessions involving this nauseating feeling associated with the violent images, Alex was released back into society and claimed to be completely cured. A simple cure was impossibility due to the fact that those who Alex had hurt in his life such as the homeless man, his groogs, and the crippled old man still had the feelings of resentment toward him. The old man began to beat on Alex with the help of the other homeless people and Alex could do nothing to defend himself but instead sat there being beaten and regaining that nauseating feeling while wanting to die due to his conditioned response. Eventually, Alex coincidentally returns to the home where he had previously raped the woman and her crippled husband recognizes Alex; he locks Alex in a room with the music of Beethoven that was played during the violent images. This unconditioned response causes Alex to go insane without having seen any violence at all. This response is a result of classical conditioning is the result that what had once prepared Alex to watch violent images now cause Alex the same feelings whether or not he is viewing the images. While in the room Alex goes to the extreme and attempts to commit suicide. This does not work and Alex is treated at the local hospital while those in charge of his classical conditioning responses were reprimanded for an inhumane process and treatment. The movie does not directly state, but it leads one to believe that Alex had some type of brain surgery to reverse his classical conditioning effects. It does not appear as though any type of extinction or a removal of the classical conditioning through any other experiments other than surgery (Kalat 210). Soon Alex is back to his old ways of demoralizing women and undisturbed by his thoughts of ultra-violence. It is evident that through this film the idea of classical conditioning being used to reprimand a human or try and change characteristics are futile. While the classical conditioning worked, it may be said that it worked too well and that Alex was unable to be reintroduced into a society where there is a constant negative reinforcement for what he sees. Even if Alex is not actively participating in the violent acts he still is negatively reinforced causing him suicidal thoughts and actions. The problem with Alexs treatment was that the only positive reinforcement, or an encouragement to achieve a conditioned response, was that he no longer craved violence or sex, although it was seemingly easy to reverse the effects of his study. Overall, Alex is a perfect case of the negative effects of classical conditioning and brings up the question if perhaps there is no simple answer to cure any disturbed individuals within a society.

Psychology (child development) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Psychology (child development) - Essay Example His theory identifies three independent sources, these being empathy, principles and moral affiliation. Defining 'moral' as "acts intended to produce kind and/or fair outcomes" he goes on to explain that a moral person acts with good intentions, and makes reference to religious or ethical tenets, sexual morality and obedience to authority. He talks of built-in redundancy, where if one source is weak, another will compensate. Here are his Three Moral Systems: Principles are personal rules of conduct we set for ourselves and attempt to live up to, whether or not anyone else approves or disapproves. An example is cited of Christian rescuers during the Holocaust being motivated by one or other of these concepts. He explains next that negative emotions are associated with violating one of the three, while positive ones emerge when they are Hastings, Zahn-Waxler, Robinson, Usher and Bridges (2000) conducted research into how aggressive children tend to act on their impulses, in their study of the development of empathy, i.e., concern for others, in children with behavior problems. Moral Versus Antisocial Motivations Various theories explain antisocial behavior as stemming from many sources, but there is no single construct to explain all its forms. Schulman believes that it is not just about removing factors such as alienation, racism, poverty etc. to rectify the problems, but that everyone needs to take steps to address deficits. Children have consciences, appreciate goodness and are shocked by evil. By encouraging the development of the three moral motivation sources, children, society and civilization as a whole, are served, as it is morality which contributes to the survival of mankind as a species. He ends by pointing out that while people are shocked and fascinated by evil, goodness is taken for granted as how humans normally are and want to be, which gives support to his theory and more importantly, a sense of optimism. The following critical review is of the research cited by Schulman in support of his contention that behavior problems are as much due to moral motivation deficits as to unchecked antisocial activity and that those involved with children, in any capacity have a responsibility to encourage moral

NEGOTIATION STYLES AND COMMUNICATION Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

NEGOTIATION STYLES AND COMMUNICATION - Assignment Example Globalization has brought about the need for cultural understanding for traders in various countries to enable them to trade globally. The Vietnamese and the Americans have different personality styles and preference in negotiation. To start with, the Americans and Vietnam have different approaches to negotiation with the Americans being convenience customers while the Vietnamese are valued customers. This is from the buyers’ point of view so that the negotiating party is the buyer. A convenient customer is the once who is less sensitive to brand and try to minimize effort on evaluation. The convenience customers are time sensitive, thus prefer saving on time. The Americans fit the convenience customer definition through its individualistic nature. Americans are more interested in satisfying personal needs rather than focusing on societal beliefs and culture, therefore the American consumers are known to make decisions free of societal influence. On the other hand, the value customers are conscious of both value and prices of products. They, the value customers, would want to get the best quality at the lowest possible cost thus maximizing on value. For the Vietnamese, they believe in collective communal responsibility for individuals. The people in Vietnam are aware of the general prices of products and qualities, thus are more brands sensitive. The Easterners prefer having to negotiate for lower prices but at the same time maintaining good quality of the product. The individual behavior has affected the way trader price their goods. Traders in the east are aware of the bargaining nature of most of the customers thus have priced their products to allow for bargaining. The Far East is characterized with high power distance (Van 2009). This means that the gap between those having powers, and those not in powers is big and visible. The inequality in power is reflected in the high income disparity

Modernization Theory and Dependence Theory Analysis

Modernization Theory and Dependence Theory Analysis In this day and age the rapid development of the word and the growing assimilation of countries can hardly fail to affect the development of new theories which attempt to explain the relationship between countries and the existing inequality between developed countries and countries of the third world. Two theories which analyze the development in third world countries are the modernization theory and the dependence theory. These two theories, while being rather different, still have several similarities in their views on the modern world and relationships between developed and developing countries. As Alvin So explained, there are three chief and historical essentials which were constructive to the foundation of the modernization theory of development after the Second World War.First, the United States rose as a superpower.While other Western nations, such as Great Britain, France, and Germany, were undermined by World War II, the United States came out of the war stronger then before, and became a world leader with the execution of the Marshall Plan to reconstruct Western Europe.[2]Second, the idea of communist began to move throughout the world.What was once the Soviet Union spread its influence to Eastern Europe, China, and Korea.Third, there was the breakdown ofEuropean colonial empires in Asia, Africa and Latin America, creating numerous new nation-states in the Third World.These budding nation-states began searching for a form of development to support their economy and to improve their political independence. The modernization theorys intellectual lineage has been traced back to Aristotle. Aristotle first recommended that states, just as plants, went through a natural pattern of growth. Just like Aristotle, Americans in the early Republic assumed that if societies grow in a natural manner, they must also perish. The thought that the progression of human development could be understood and controlled dates to the early nineteenth century, when France and Britain were struggling to bring back their trade empires. Since then it has tended to reappear at times and places where systems of dominance required explanation and rationalization. The modernization theory looks at the internal factors of a country with the assumption that, with aid, â€Å"traditional† countries can be developed in the same way more developed countries have. The modernization theory tries to recognize the social variables which cause social growth and development of societies, and then tries to explain the social evolution. In order for a country to have a profitable, sophisticated, modern economy the country must follow a pattern of development. This is a very systematic theory as it means do one thing and another will happen. In order for this to happen, there need to be prerequisites for takeoff that will lead to takeoff in which will lead to mass-consumption(Mahler 45). A missing component of this theory is that the modernization theory assumes all countries will follow the set path to development. There are actually numerous variables in which will affect a states ability to in fact develop. An example of this is the fact that Mexic o is geographically designed in a way that will cause it to have a weak economy due to the deserts, forests, and mountains. This makes it so that only 12% of the land is arable. The fact that there are no major rivers doesnt help either. These issues all help to making it tricky for Mexico to develop because it restrains transportation, which in turn weakens the possibility of exporting and importing goods in a proficient manner.Another problem with the modernization theory is that it assumes that all states have the necessary preconditions to develop. This is not true as many states do not have proper leaders and government. The explanation for this is that if a state is controlled by weak leadership, it will in turn influence its ability to develop. For example, Saddam Hussein, made it so that his country could not develop because he took all of the wealth for himself. Perhaps, if Hussein had spread the wealth throughout his country, this will have helped education and increased i nvention. This could have made it so that his country developed in a more efficient manner. One policy implication the modernization theory suggests is that the third world countries should look up to the developed western nations, while the Western countries should pass on more modern values, institutions, technology, and financial investment to the Third World countries. Another implication is that in order for the third worlds to develop, they should be moving along the path that the United States has traveled, hence move away from the ideas of communism. (READING) A theory in which is opposed to the Modernization model which was created largely as a response to it is the Dependency theory. Dependency theories developed in opposition to the optimistic claims of modernizationtheory which saw the less developed countries being able to catch up with the West. They stressed that Western societies had an interest in maintaining their advantaged position in relation to the LDCs and had the financial and technical wherewithal to do so. A variety of different accounts of the relationship between the advanced and less developed states evolved within the broad framework of dependency theory, ranging from the stagnationism and ‘surplus drain theory of Andre Gunder Frank (which predicted erroneously that the Third World would be unable to achieve significant levels ofindustrialization), to the more cautious pessimism of those who envisaged a measure of growth based on ‘associated dependent relations with the West. The major contribution to dependency theory was undoubtedly that of Frank, a German economist of development who devised and popularized the phrase ‘the development of underdevelopment, describing what he saw as the deformed and dependent economies of the peripheral states-in his terminology the ‘satellites of the more advanced ‘metropolises. InCapitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America(1969), he argued that the Third World was doomed to stagnation because the surplus it produced was appropriated by the advanced capitalist countries, through agencies such as transnational corporations. Frank himself insisted that growth could only be achieved by severing ties with capitalism and pursuing autocentric socialist development strategies. According to the dependency theory, the Global North exploits the Global South. One reason for this is that the south is highly dependent on the wealth of the north; therefore unable to advance themselves because of the vicious cycle that then ensues. An example of this vicious cycle can begin with a country being very poor and/or economically unstable. They then allow a multinational corporation to set up camp in one of their cities. This leads to many new jobs for this city, but the people are hired for very poor wages. Then the products that are produced get siphoned off by the Global North, in turn preventing that states â€Å"mass-consumption† abilities which is a generalized way that the south gets exploited by the north and the multinational corporation comes out making huge profits at the expense of desperate people just trying to survive and willing to work for pennies. The depencde theory has several implications. First, Promotion of domestic industry and manufactured goods. By imposing subsidies to protect domestic industries, poor countries can be enabled to sell their own products rather than simply exporting raw materials. Second, Import limitations. By limiting the importation ofluxury goodsandmanufactured goodsthat can be produced within the country, the country can reduce its loss of capital and resources. Thrid, Forbidding foreign investment. Some governments took steps to keep foreign companies and individuals from owning or operating property that draws on the resources of the country. In conclusion, both theories admit the leadership of western countries and their currently dominant position in the modern world, while undeveloped countries are characterized by socio-economic and political backwardness. At the same time, the two theories agree that the cooperation between western countries and developing countries is constantly growing and leads to their integration. However, it is necessary to underline that Modernization theory views such cooperation and integration as a conscious and voluntary act from the part of developing countries, for which modernization in the western style is the only way to overcome the existing backwardness, while supporters of Dependency theory argue that such cooperation and integration is imposed to developing countries by more advanced western countries, which simply attempt to benefit from their cooperation with developing countries and their westernization becomes a way of the establishment of control over and growing dependence o f developing countries on developed ones. Regardless, the existing differences, both theories still raise a very important problem of relationships between developed and developing countries and the dominance of western countries and western civilization in the modern world.